#dennard-scaling

3 articles

01 ·Scaling & Power·FREE·8 min read Dark Silicon — You Can Place the Transistors, You Just Can't Light Them All The number of transistors you can put on a chip keeps rising, but the fraction you can switch on at the same time keeps falling. That gap is dark silicon. We derive it from one line about power density, check the numbers against the 2011 ISCA paper that made the term quantitative (21% of a fixed-size chip off at 22 nm, more than 50% at 8 nm), and follow the argument to why specialised circuits won. 02 ·Scaling & Power·FREE·10 min read What Moore's Law Actually Says — What Ended, and What Is Still Going "Double every two years" was never a law of physics — it was a timetable the industry agreed to keep. Dennard scaling is what ended; cost is what slowed; density and going vertical are what continue. A ground-up tour through log axes, the flat-to-FinFET-to-GAA story, and the arithmetic of cost per transistor. 03 ·Scaling & Power·★ MEMBER·9 min read The Physics of Power — Why Lowering Voltage Pays So Much Derive what one switching event costs, then read the dynamic power equation to see why voltage alone enters squared. From there: Dennard scaling and its end, the 60 mV/decade thermodynamic floor, dark silicon, and the resulting turn toward fixed-function circuits and low precision — ending with the arithmetic of what inference costs to run.